Illuminated surgical retractor

ABSTRACT

Illuminated surgical retractors include at least one retractor blade and a light delivery system. The light delivery system may include an array of lights which may be attached directly to the retractor blade or to a support in the shape of an elongated blade that extends along the length of the retractor blade for illuminating all or a portion of the length of the retractor blade.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present invention is a division of U.S. application Ser. No.10/294,291, filed Nov. 14, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.application Ser. No. 09/735,104, filed Dec. 12, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No.6,504,985), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.09/120,406, filed Jul. 22, 1998 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,185,356), which isa continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/886,666, filedJul. 2, 1997 (now abandoned). The contents of these applications areherein incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a surgical instrument thatincludes a light delivery system for providing illumination for theinstrument.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

While light delivery systems are generally known, prior art lightdelivery systems are not easily adapted for use in connection withfunctional instruments such as surgical instruments of various types. Inthis respect, current light delivery systems do not provide optimalillumination for a variety of desired lighting conditions. Moreover,current light delivery systems are costly to replace, and are thus notwell suited for conditions which necessitate that the light deliverysystem be disposable, such as where sterilization is desired.

The present invention overcomes these and other disadvantages of priorart light delivery systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, there is provided a surgicalinstrument including particularly a retractor having a light deliverysystem for providing illumination for the retractor.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem is adapted for attachment to a surgical instrument.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem is adapted for integration with a surgical instrument.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem is disposable or reusable.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem is suitably configured in numerous shapes and sizes.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem is quickly and easily attached to and detached from an associatedsurgical instrument.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem may include a light emitter that locally varies the intensity ofemitted light and provides directional control of the emitted light.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light deliverysystem may include an array of lights attached to a retractor blade orto a support in the shape of an elongated blade that extends along thelength of the retractor blade for illuminating the retractor blade alongall or a portion of the length thereof.

Still other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparentto those skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of thefollowing detailed description, accompanying drawings and appendedclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the annexed drawings:

FIG. 1 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the light emittershown in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged transverse section through the light emitter shownin FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A is an enlarged plan view of a portion of a light emitter,showing one form of pattern of light extracting deformities on the lightemitter;

FIGS. 3B-3D are enlarged schematic perspective views of a portion of alight emitter showing other forms of light extracting deformities formedin or on the light emitter;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a light delivery system, wherein thelight delivery system is attachable to a suction/blower device;

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the light delivery system shown in FIG.4A, as attached to the suction/blower device;

FIG. 4C is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of theattachment means for the light delivery system;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a suction/blower device having anintegrated light delivery system;

FIG. 5B is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 5B-5B ofFIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C is an alternative embodiment of the cross-sectional view takenalong line 5B-5B of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another type of suction/blower devicehaving an integrated light delivery system;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of yet another type of suction/blowerdevice having an integrated light delivery system;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an electrosurgical pencil including thelight delivery system of the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a transillumination tray including thelight delivery system of the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9B-9B of FIG. 9A,with a vein/artery located in the transillumination tray;

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a stabilizer including an integratedlight delivery system;

FIG. 10B is a side view of the stabilizer shown in FIG. 10A;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a plurality of retractors including alight delivery system;

FIG. 12 is a top view of a forceps including an integrated lightdelivery system;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a multi-purpose lighting deviceincluding a light delivery system;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the multi-purpose lighting device takenalong line 14-14 of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15A is a perspective view of a lighting device including a lightdelivery system;

FIG. 15B is a sectional view of the lighting device taken along line15-15 of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 16A is a perspective view of a “rope” lighting device;

FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the lighting device taken alongline 16-16 of FIG. 16A;

FIG. 17 is a top view of a trans-illuminating forceps including anattachable light delivery system;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a trans-illuminating retractorincluding an attachable light delivery system;

FIG. 19A is a perspective view of a spring-formed “rope” lightingdevice;

FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view of the lighting device taken alongline 19-19 of FIG. 19A;

FIG. 20A is a perspective view of a smoke evacuation tube having anintegrated light delivery system;

FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view of the smoke evacuation tube takenalong line 20-20 of FIG. 20A;

FIG. 21A is a perspective view of a suction tube having an integratedlight delivery system;

FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view of the suction tube taken along line21-21 of FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22A is a perspective view of a suction tube having an attachablelight delivery system;

FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view of the suction tube taken along line22-22 of FIG. 22A;

FIG. 23A is a perspective view of a ring-shaped “rope” lighting device;

FIG. 23B is a cross-sectional view of the lighting device taken alongline 23-23 of FIG. 23A;

FIG. 24A is a perspective view of a protective cover applied to a lightdistributor, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover, taken alongline 24B-24B of FIG. 24A;

FIG. 24C is an end view of the protective cover shown in FIG. 24A;

FIG. 24D is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover, taken alongline 24D-24D of FIG. 24C;

FIG. 25A is a perspective view of a protective cover applied to a lightdistributor, in accordance with another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 25B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover, taken alongline 25B-25B of FIG. 25A;

FIG. 25C is an end view of the protective cover shown in FIG. 25A;

FIG. 25D is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover, taken alongline 25D-25D of FIG. 25C;

FIG. 26A is a perspective view of a protective cover applied to a lightdistributor, in accordance with yet another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover, taken alongline 26B-26B of FIG. 26A;

FIG. 26C is an end view of the protective cover shown in FIG. 26A;

FIG. 26D is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover, taken alongline 26D-26D of FIG. 26;

FIG. 27A is a cut-away view of a protective cover according to anotherembodiment of the present invention as applied to a light rod;

FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover taken alongline 27B-27B of FIG. 27A;

FIG. 28A is a cut-away view of a protective cover as applied to a lightrod with attached retractor blade;

FIG. 28B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover taken alongline 28B-28B of FIG. 28A;

FIG. 29A is a cut-away view of a protective cover according to anotherembodiment of the present invention as applied to a rope light;

FIG. 29B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover taken alongline 29B-29B of FIG. 29A;

FIG. 30A is a cut-away view of a protective cover according to anotherembodiment of the present invention as applied to a ring light;

FIG. 30B is a cross-sectional view of the protective cover taken alongline 30B-30B of FIG. 30A;

FIG. 31 is a plan view, partly in section, of a retractor including anattachable light delivery system;

FIG. 32 is a side elevation view, partly in section, of a retractorincluding an attachable light delivery system;

FIG. 33 is a side elevation view, partly in section, of a retractorincluding an attachable light delivery system;

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a retractor including an attachablelight delivery system;

FIG. 35 is a plan view, partly in section, of a retractor including anattachable light delivery system;

FIG. 36 is a side elevation view, partly in section, of a retractorincluding an attachable light delivery system; and

FIG. 37 is a side elevation view, partly in section, of a retractorincluding an attachable light delivery system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for the purposesof illustrating exemplary embodiments of the invention only and not forpurposes of limiting same, FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate a suction/blowerdevice 100 having an externally mounted light delivery system 2. FIG. 4Ashows a light delivery system 2 detached from suction/blower device 100,while FIG. 4B shows light delivery system 2 attached to suction/blowerdevice 100. It should be appreciated that device 100 can take many formsincluding a surgical instrument or a conventional hand tool, as will beillustrated below.

Light delivery system 2 is generally comprised of a light emitter 10, alight distributor 60, and an attachment means 80. Light emitter 10focuses light of varying intensity in a predetermined direction orpattern. As a result, an associated viewing field is illuminated with apredetermined light characteristic. Light distributor 60 (e.g., opticlight pipe) transmits light from a light source 90 to light emitter 10.Attachment means 80 provides a support structure for coupling lightdelivery system 2 to device 100. In this regard, attachment means 80 mayinclude tabs, hooks or the like.

Light emitter 10 is comprised of a transparent or translucent lightemitting material of any suitable type, including acrylic,polycarbonate, glass, epoxy, resins or the like. Emitter 10 may besubstantially flat, suitably curved, may be formed of single or multiplelayers, and may have different thicknesses and shapes. Moreover, emitter10 may be flexible, or rigid, and may be made out of a variety ofcompounds. It should also be appreciated that emitter 10 may be hollow,filled with liquid, air, or be solid, and may have holes or ridgesformed therein.

Means for directing light in desired directions and patterns, andproviding various light intensity levels will now be described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2, which show a section B of light emitter 10.Light extracting formations including deformities, disruptions,coatings, patterns or lenses, may be provided on one or more selectedlight surface areas 20 on one or more sides 21 or edges 23 of emitter10. As used herein, the term light extracting formation is to mean anychange in the shape or geometry of the surface and/or coating or surfacetreatment that causes a portion of the light to be emitted. FIG. 3Aschematically shows one such light surface area 20 on which a pattern oflight extracting deformities or disruptions 22 is provided. The patternof light extracting deformities or disruptions 22 shown in FIG. 3Aincludes a variable pattern which breaks up the light rays such that theinternal angle of reflection of a portion of the light rays will begreat enough to cause the light rays either to be emitted out of emitter10 through the side or sides on which the light extracting deformitiesor disruptions 22 are provided or reflected back through the emitter 10and emitted out the other side thereof.

Light extracting formations can be produced in a variety of manners, forexample, by providing a painted pattern, an etched pattern, a machinedpattern, a printed pattern, a hot stamped pattern, a molded pattern, acurved surface (i.e., lens), a diffraction grating, a prismatic surfaceor the like on selected light surface areas 20 of emitter 10. An ink orprinted pattern may be applied for example by pad printing, silkscreening, ink jet, heat transfer film process or the like. Thedeformities or disruptions may also be printed on a sheet or film whichis used to apply the deformities or disruptions to light surface area20. This sheet or film may become a permanent part of emitter 10 forexample by attaching or otherwise positioning the sheet or film againstone or both sides of the emitter light surface area similar to the sheetor film 24 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in order to produce a desired effect.

By varying the density, opaqueness or translucence, shape, depth, color,area, index of refraction, diffraction grating, or type of lightextracting formations, the light output of emitter 10 can be controlled.The light extracting formations may be used to control the directionand/or percent of light emitted from any area of emitter 10. Forinstance, less and/or smaller size deformities 22 may be placed onemitter 10 in areas where less light output is wanted. Conversely, agreater percentage of and/or larger deformities 22 may be placed onemitter 10 in areas where greater light output is desired.

Varying the percentages and/or size of deformities 22 in different areasof emitter 10 is necessary in order to provide a uniform light outputdistribution. For example, the amount of light traveling through lightemitter 10 will ordinarily be greater in areas closer to the lightsource than in other areas further removed from the light source. Apattern of light extracting deformities 22 may be used to adjust thelight variances within the emitter, for example, by providing a denserconcentration of light extracting deformities with increased distancefrom the light source thereby resulting in a more uniform light outputdistribution from light emitter 10. The deformities 22 may also be usedto control the output ray angle distribution of the emitted light tosuit a particular application.

It should be appreciated that other light extracting formations aresuitably provided in addition to or in lieu of the patterns of lightextracting deformities 22 shown in FIG. 3A. As indicated above, otherlight extracting formations including lenses, prismatic surfaces,depressions or raised surfaces of various shapes using more complexshapes in a mold pattern may be molded, etched, stamped, thermoformed,hot stamped or the like into or on one or more surface areas (e.g.,sides and edges) of the light emitter. Lenses (e.g., pillow lenses) canbe used to provide diffuse light (by spreading light rays) anddirectional light (by focusing light rays). FIGS. 3B and 3C show areas26 on which prismatic surfaces 28 or depressions 30 are formed in theemitter surface area, whereas FIG. 3D shows prismatic or otherreflective or refractive surfaces 32 formed on the exterior of theemitter surface area. The prismatic surfaces, depressions or raisedsurfaces will cause a portion of the light rays contacted thereby to beemitted from the light emitter. Also, the angles of the prisms,depressions or other surfaces may be varied to direct the light indifferent directions to produce a desired light output distribution oreffect, or to project a spot image or pattern of light to a specificarea or region. Moreover, the reflective or refractive surfaces may haveshapes or a pattern with no specific angles to reduce moire or otherinterference effects. In addition, the light rays emitted from theemitter may provide generally shadowless or homogenous light. In thisregard, the emitter may simultaneously illuminate a 3-D object from aplurality of sides.

As best seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, a back reflector 34(including trans reflectors) may be attached or positioned against oneside of the panel member 14 of FIG. 1 using a suitable adhesive 36 orother method in order to improve light output efficiency of lightemitter 10 by reflecting the light emitted from that side back throughthe panel for emission through the opposite side. Additionally, apattern of light extracting deformities 22, 28, 30 and/or 32 may beprovided on one or both sides of the light emitter in order to changethe path of the light so that the internal critical angle is exceededand a portion of the light is emitted from one or both sides of thelight emitter. Moreover, a transparent film, sheet or plate member 24may be attached or positioned against the side or sides of the emitterfrom which light is emitted using a suitable adhesive 36 or other methodin order to produce a desired effect.

Member 24 may be used to further improve the uniformity of the lightoutput distribution. For example, member 24 may be a colored film, adiffuser, or a label or display, a portion of which may be a transparentoverlay that may be colored and/or have text or an image thereon.

If adhesive 36 is used to adhere the back reflector 34 and/or film 24 tothe emitter, the adhesive is preferably applied only along the sideedges of the emitter, and if desired the end edge opposite lighttransition areas, but not over the entire surface area or areas of theemitter because of the difficulty in consistently applying a uniformcoating of adhesive to the panel. Also, the adhesive changes theinternal critical angle of the light in a less controllable manner thanthe air gaps 40 (see FIG. 2) which are formed between the respectivesurfaces of the emitter and the back reflector 34 and/or member 24 whenonly adhered along the peripheral edges. Additionally, longer emittersare achievable when air gaps 40 are used. If adhesive were to be usedover the entire surface, the pattern of deformities could be adjusted toaccount for the additional attenuation in the light caused by theadhesive.

The light emitter disclosed herein may be used for a great manydifferent applications including for example LCD back lighting orlighting in general, decorative and display lighting, automotivelighting, dental lighting, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, or othermedical lighting, membrane switch lighting, and sporting goods andapparel lighting or the like. Also the emitter may be formed such thatthe deformities are transparent without a back reflector. This allowsthe emitter to be used such that the application is viewed through thetransparent emitter.

The light that is transmitted by light distributor 60 to light emitter10 may be emitted along the entire length of light emitter 10 or fromone or more light output areas along the length of the panel as desiredto produce a desired light output distribution to fit a particularapplication.

Light distributor 60 is a formed light conduit adapted to propagatelight therethrough via internal reflection. In the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 4A and 4B, light distributor 60 takes the form of anoptic light pipe. Light distributor 60 includes an interface 64 and aconnecting member 62. Interface 64 interfaces light distributor 60 withlight emitter 10. Connecting member 62 facilitates connection of lightdistributor 60 with light source 90 (described below). It should beappreciated that light distributor 60, light emitter 64, and lightsource 90 may be formed as one unitary member without interface 64 andconnecting member 62.

Light source 90 may take many forms as will be discussed below. In theembodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, lightsource 90 is generally comprised of a generator 92 and a cable 94.Generator 92 may be, for example, a 300 Watt Xenon light source. Cable94 includes a connecting member 96, which mates with connecting member62 of light distributor 60.

It should be appreciated that light source 90 illustrated in FIGS. 4Aand 4B is shown solely for the purpose of illustrating an embodiment ofthe present invention. In this respect, light source 90 may also be ofother suitable types including, an arc lamp, an incandescent bulb (whichalso may be colored, filtered or painted), a lens end bulb, a linelight, a halogen lamp, a light emitting diode (LED), a chip from an LED,a neon bulb, a fluorescent tube, a laser or laser diode, or any othersuitable light source. For example, light source 90 may take the form ofany of the types disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,897,771 and 5,005,108,the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.Additionally, the light source may be a multiple colored LED, or acombination of multiple colored radiation sources in order to provide adesired colored or white light output distribution. For example, aplurality of colored lights such as LEDs of different colors (red, blue,green) or a single LED emitting a selected spectrum may be employed tocreate white light or any other colored light output distribution byvarying the intensities of each individual colored light.

Attachment means 80 is suitably molded as an integral part of lightdistributor 60 (FIG. 4A), attaches to both the light distributor and theassociated device (FIG. 4C), or forms a part of device 100. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 4A and 4B, attachment means 80 is fixed tolight distributor 60, wherein gripping means 84 are provided forattaching light delivery system 2 to device 100. Attachment means 80allows light delivery system 2 to be easily and conveniently attached toand detached from suction/blower device 100. As a result, light deliverysystem 2 is easily replaced where sterilization is required.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4C, one form of attachment means 80includes engagement means 82 and 84 for fixing light delivery system 2to a device. In this respect, engagement means 82 are engageable withlight distributor 60, while engagement means 84 are engageable with aportion of the device. It should be appreciated that engagement means 82and/or engagement means 84 are suitably integral with light distributor60 and the device, respectively. However, in the case where convenientreplacement of light delivery system 2 is desired (e.g., whensterilization is required) engagement means 82 and/or engagement means84 will preferably provide for convenient removal of light deliverysystem 2 from the device. For instance, in the embodiment shown in FIGS.4A and 4B, engagement means 84 takes the form of a clamp, which allowsfor simple attachment and detachment of light delivery system 2 fromdevice 100. It should be appreciated that engagement means 82 and 84 maytake the form of other suitable fastening members including cables,snaps, clips, tabs, adhesives, and the like.

Device 100 includes a tube 70 having a tip portion 76. Tip portion 76 iscomprised of a plurality of openings 78, which are in communication withtube 70. Light emitter 10 is suitably dimensioned to receive tip portion76, when light delivery system 2 is attached to device 100 (FIG. 4B). Itshould be noted that light emitter 10 is suitably formed to providediffuse light in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis ofdevice tip portion 76, and to provide direct light in a directiongenerally parallel to the longitudinal axis of tip portion 76. Asindicated above, the direct light provides maximum illumination on thematerial being suctioned or blown. At the same time, the diffuse lightprovides sufficient, but not over bright, illumination of the areasurrounding the material being suctioned or blown. As a result, theuser's vision of the material being suctioned or blown is not impaired.

Other embodiments of the present invention will now be described withreference to FIGS. 5-22, which illustrate a variety of differentsurgical instruments and hand tools which are used in conjunction withthe light delivery system of the present invention.

Referring now to FIG. 5A, there is shown a suction/blower device 101A.Device 101A is a surgical instrument typically used to remove material(e.g., fluid or tissue) from a surgeon's field of view. In this respect,device 101A suctions or blows the obscuring material. Device 101A isgenerally comprised of a light emitter 110, a light distributor 160 andair passageway(s) 170. Light distributor 160 includes a connectingmember 162 dimensioned to receive a mating connecting member 196 fromcable 194. Cable 194 is connected to a light source (not shown).

It is important to note that light distributor 160 not only carrieslight to light emitter 110, but also provides a support structure forsuction/blower device 101A. In this respect, light distributor 160includes a light distribution member 161, which is constructed of arigid material and formed into a suitable shape for a user toconveniently hold device 101A. Light distribution member 161 transmitslight and defines passageway(s) 170. Passageway(s) 170 are generallytubular hollow channels formed along the length of light distributor160. FIGS. 5B and 5C illustrate two different embodiments for lightdistributor 160. Passageway(s) 170 provides a conduit for air, or othergas or fluid. Light distributor 160 also includes an outer layer 163.Outer layer 163 may take the form of a heat-shrinked film, coating ortubing. Outer layer 163 provides a protective layer for lightdistribution member 161. Similarly, an inner layer (not shown) may linethe inner surface of light distribution member 161. The outer and innerlayers protect the internal light propagation from impairment (e.g.,blood or other materials that can cause light loss). It should beappreciated that light distributor 160 may be constructed of a pluralityof walls of varying thickness. The walls may take the form of a film,coating or tubing. Moreover, the film, coating or tubing may extendalong the full length of light distributor 160, or only along a portionthereof.

A connector 172 is provided to receive a mating connector from a hose174. Hose 174 is connected to a vacuum generating means (not shown),where device 101A is used for suction, or is connected to a blower means(not shown), where device 101A is used for blowing. Light emitter 110 islocated at the tip end of device 101A, and surrounds passageway(s) 170.Light emitter 110 is suitably formed to provide diffuse light indirections transverse to the longitudinal axis of device 101A, and toprovide direct light in a direction generally parallel to thelongitudinal axis of device 101A. In this way, the direct light providesmaximum illumination on the material being suctioned or blown. At thesame time, the diffuse light provides sufficient, but not over bright,illumination of the area surrounding the material being suctioned orblown. As a result, the user's vision of the material being suctioned orblown is not impaired.

It should be appreciated that light distributor 160 and light emitter110 form an integral part of the suction/blowing device 101A, and thuseliminate the need for an external lighting device mounted to thesuction/blowing device, a lighting device mounted elsewhere in anoperating room, or a hand held lighting device.

FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment of suction/blower device101A. Suction/blower device 101B is similar in many respects tosuction/blower device 101A; however, light emitter 110 and lightdistributor 160 are disposable in this embodiment. In this respect,suction/blower 101B is generally comprised of a light emitter 110, arigid body member 150, a light distributor 160 having a fixed portion160A and a detachable portion 160B, and a tube 170. Body member 150 isconstructed of a rigid material (e.g., plastic) and formed into asuitable shape for a user to conveniently hold device 101B. Body member150 surrounds fixed portion 160A of light distributor 160. Fixed portion160A includes a connecting member 162. Fixed portion 160A and detachableportion 160B are connected at interface 166. A hollow channel is formedalong the length of portions 160A and 160B to provide tube 170. Lightemitter 110 is optionally detachable from light distributor 160 atinterface 166.

It should be appreciated that suction/blower device 101B has theadvantage of having a detachable light emitter 110 and light distributor160. This allows for convenient replacement of the portions of device101B which may require sterilization. As a result, only an inexpensiveand small portion of device 101B is disposed, thus saving the expense ofreplacing the entire suction/blower device 101B.

FIG. 7 illustrates another suction/blower device 102. Device 102 isgenerally comprised of a light emitter 310, a light distributor 360 anda tube 370. Light distributor 360 has a connecting member 362dimensioned to receive a mating connecting member 396 from cable 394.Cable 394 is connected to a light source (not shown). It is important tonote that light distributor 360 not only carries light to light emitter310, but also provides a support structure for suction/blower device102. In this respect, light distributor 360 is constructed of a rigidmaterial and formed into a suitable shape for a user to convenientlyhold device 102. In addition, a hollow channel is formed along thelength of light distributor 360 to provide tube 370. Light distributor360 is preferably formed of an inexpensive plastic material. Tube 370includes a connector 372, dimensioned to receive a mating connector froma hose 374. Hose 374 is connected to a vacuum generating means (notshown), where device 102 is used for suction, or is connected to ablower means (not shown), where device 102 is used for blowing. Lightemitter 310 is located at tip 368 of light distributor 360, andsurrounds tube 370. Light emitter 310 is suitably formed to providediffuse light in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis of tip368, and to provide direct light in a direction generally parallel tothe longitudinal axis of tip 368. In this way, the direct light providesmaximum illumination on the material being suctioned or blown. At thesame time, the diffuse light provides sufficient, but not over bright,illumination of the area surrounding the material being suctioned orblown. As a result, the user's vision of the material being suctioned orblown is not impaired.

It should be appreciated that light distributor 360 is easily andconveniently attached to and detached from cable 394 and hose 374. As aresult, light delivery system 202 is easily replaced where sterilizationis required.

FIG. 8 illustrates an electrosurgical pencil device 103. Electrosurgicalpencil device 103 is used to destroy tissue by burning the tissue with acauterizing tip. Device 103 is generally comprised of a light emitter410, a light distributor 460 and a cauterizing tip 470. Lightdistributor 460 has a connecting member 462 dimensioned to receive amating connecting member 496 from a cable 494. Cable 494 is connected toa light source (not shown). It is important to note that lightdistributor 460 not only conducts light to light emitter 410, but alsoprovides a support structure for device 103. In this respect, lightdistributor 460 is constructed of a rigid material and formed into asuitable shape for a user to conveniently hold device 103. In addition,a channel is formed along the length of light distributor 460 to providea passageway for electrical conductor 474. Electrical conductor 474connects to cauterizing tip 470, to provide power thereto. Light emitter410 is suitably formed to provide diffuse light in directions transverseto the longitudinal axis of tip 470, and to provide direct light in adirection generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of tip 470. Inthis way, the direct light provides maximum illumination on the materialbeing cauterized. At the same time, the diffuse light providessufficient, but not over bright, illumination of the area surroundingthe material being cauterized. As a result, the user's vision of thematerial being cauterized is not impaired.

Referring now to FIG. 9A, there is shown a transillumination tray 104for illuminating a bodily structure (e.g., vein, artery, finger, orsmall organ). Tray 104 is generally comprised of a light distributor 560and a light emitter 510. Light distributor 560 includes a connectingmember 562 dimensioned to receive a mating connecting member 596 from acable 594. Cable 594 is connected to a light source (not shown). It isimportant to note that light distributor 560 not only conducts light tolight emitter 510, but also provides a support base for tray 104. Inthis respect, light distributor 560 is constructed of a rigid materialand formed into a suitable shape for receiving a generally U-shapedlight emitter 510. Light emitter 510 is shaped to receive a bodilystructure, and thoroughly illuminate it. In this respect, light isemitted in all directions from the surface of light emitter 510. FIG. 9Billustrates a cross-sectional view of tray 104 with a vein/artery 570located on tray 104 for examination. Light emitter 510 illuminates anobstruction 572 in vein/artery 570.

FIGS. 10A and 10B show a stabilizer device 105 including the lightdelivery system of the present invention. Stabilizer device 105 isgenerally comprised of light emitters 610A, 610B and 610C, and a lightdistributor 660. Light distributor 660 includes a central portion 670,arm portions 672, and connecting member 662. Connecting member 662 isdimensioned to receive a mating connecting member 696 from a cable 694(such as a light pipe). Cable 694 is connected to a light source (notshown). It is important to note that light distributor 660 not onlycarries light to light emitters 610A, 610B and 610C, but also provides asupport structure for stabilizer device 105. In this respect, lightdistributor 660 is constructed of a rigid material and formed into asuitable shape for a user to conveniently hold device 102. Lightemitters 610A, 610B and 610C provide different lighting conditions. Inthis respect, light emitter 610A may include a lens 611 for providingdirect focused light on incision work area I. Light emitter 610B isformed along the periphery defined by central portion 670 and armportions 672. Light emitter 610B provides indirect diffuse light forincision work area I. Light emitter 610C is formed along the lower edge(i.e., bottom) of central portion 670 and arm portions 672. Lightemitter 610C may provide indirect diffuse light or glowing light fortransillumination of a bodily structure.

It should be appreciated that in an alternative embodiment, stabilizerdevice 105 may be suitably arranged to attach (e.g., using a clip orother attachment means) to a metal stabilizer having the same generalshape as stabilizer device 105. In this regard, the strength of thematerial forming stabilizer device 105 may not be sufficient for aparticular application. Accordingly, the metal stabilizer provides thedesired strength.

Referring now to FIG. 11, there is shown retractor devices 106A, 106Band 106C for retracting body structure T (which may include, bodilytissue, bone, organs or the like). Retractor device 106A is comprised ofa retractor member 770A and a light delivery system 702A. Retractormember 770A includes a horizontal portion 772, a vertical portion 774,and a support member 776. Support member 776 is arranged betweenhorizontal portion 772 and a rigid mount (not shown). Light deliverysystem 702A is mounted to the front face of vertical portion 774, andincludes a light distributor 760A and a light emitter 710A. Lightdistributor 760A bends to follow the general shape of retractor member770A, and receives light from a light source (not shown). A suitableadhesive may be used to attach light delivery system 702A to verticalportion 774. Light emitter 710A provides diffuse or directional lightinto the work area.

Retractor device 106B is generally comprised of a retractor member 770Band a light delivery system 702B. Retractor member 770B is a rakeretractor having a plurality of prongs. Light delivery system 702Bincludes an attachment member 780B, light distributor 760B, and lightemitter 710B. Attachment member 780B has engagement means 784B forattaching light delivery system 702B to retractor member 770B. Lightdistributor 760B receives light from a light source (not shown). Lightemitter 710B includes a top portion 711B and a side portion 713B. Lightemitter 710B provides diffuse or directional light into the work area.

Retractor device 106C is a rake retractor formed of a translucentmaterial (e.g., plastic). Retractor device 106C includes lightdistributor 760B and light emitter 710C. The light distributor 760B andlight emitter 710C form the structural member of retractor device 106C.

Referring now to FIG. 12, there is shown an illuminated forceps 107having an integrated light delivery system. Forceps 107 is generallycomprised of light distributors 860 and light emitters 810. Each lightdistributor 860 includes a pair of arms 870 and a pair of connectingmembers 862. Connecting members 862 connect to mating connecting members896 of light source cables 894. Cables 894 connect to a light source(not shown). Light emitters 810 form the gripping surfaces of arms 870,and provide focused or diffuse light. It should be appreciated thatlight emitters 810 may provide light for inspection, as well astransillumination. In the case of inspection, the light is used toinspect a work area before proceeding with a further operation. Withregard to transillumination, the light may be use to examine a bodilystructure. For instance, a vein may be transilluminated to identify ablood clot before clamping and cutting.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a multi-purpose lighting device 108. Device 108 isgenerally comprised of a light delivery portion 902 and a handle portion970. Light delivery portion 902 includes a light distributor 960 and alight emitter 910A. Handle portion 970 includes a central housing 972, aconnecting member 974 and an endcap 976. As shown in FIG. 14, handleportion 970 houses a power source 950 (e.g., batteries), a light source952 (e.g., light bulb), a reflector 954, a light filter 956 and a switchmeans 978. Reflector 954 reflects the light generated by light source952. Light filter 956 filters the reflected light before it exitsthrough the open end of connecting member 974. Light source 952 isturned on and off by switch means 978. It should be noted that endcap976 may include a contact member for completing a circuit for poweringlight source 952.

It should be appreciated that connecting member 974 is dimensioned toreceive a light distributor 960, as best seen in FIG. 14. Accordingly, avariety of different types of light delivery portions 902 can be used incombination with handle portion 970, wherein handle portion 970 providesa light source. For instance, light delivery portion 902 may include alight emitter 910A in the form of an illuminated ball (FIG. 13). Thesurface of the ball may be covered with cotton to form an illuminatedcotton swab suitable for obtaining a culture. Alternatively, lightdelivery portion 970 may include a light emitter 901B in the form of anend light (FIG. 14), a light emitter 910C in the form of an illuminatedtongue depressor (FIG. 14), and a light emitter 910D in the form of atransillumination tray (FIG. 14), similar to tray 104, described above.Through the use of a variety of attachable light delivery portions 902,device 108 serves a wide range of functions. The light delivery portionor a sleeve fitting over the light delivery portion may be disposablefor convenient reuse.

It should be appreciated that the light delivery portions shown in FIG.13 and 14 are shown solely for the purpose of illustrating an embodimentof the present invention. In this respect, other types of light deliveryportions, serving functions similar to those of the illustratedembodiments, are also contemplated. Moreover, it should be appreciatedthat the portable light source housed in the handle portion may besuitably replaced by a remote light source (e.g., see FIG. 4A), with alight pipe for conveying the light therefrom.

Referring now to FIG. 15A, there is shown a lighting device 109, whichfunctions as a flexible and formable “trouble light.” Lighting device109 is generally comprised of a light delivery portion 1002 and a handleportion 1070. Light delivery portion 1002 includes a light distributor1060 and a light emitter 1010. Light distributor 1060 includes aconnecting member 1062 for connecting light distributor 1060 to handleportion 1070. It should be noted that in an embodiment of the presentinvention, light distributor 1060 is flexible. As seen in thecross-sectional view of FIG. 15B, light distributor 1060 is comprised ofa light pipe member 1063, a translucent or colored outer sheath 1061 anda formable wire 1065. Formable wire 1065 allows light distributor 1060to be bent or positioned in a suitable manner. Light emitter 1010 isdetachable from light distributor 1060 to provide a variety ofmulti-purpose light emitters. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15A, lightemitter 1010 takes the form of a glowing tip, which is rotatable toalter the focus, size or light intensity of lighted area 1004.

Handle portion 1070 is similar to handle portion 970, described above.In this regard, handle portion 1070 includes a central housing 1072,connecting member 1074, endcap 1076, and a switch means 1078. Handleportion 1070 houses a light source and a power source. It should beappreciated that handle portion 1070 is suitably replaced by a lightpipe 1090 of conventional light source. Light pipe 1090 includes a cable1094 and a mating connecting member 1096, which mates with connectingmember 1062.

Device 109 may optionally include a rigid support member 1050 to keeplight distributor 1060 from changing positions. Support member 1050includes an arm 1052 and clamp 1054. Clamp 1054 engages with lightdistributor 1060.

Referring now to FIG. 16A, there is shown a formable “rope” lightingdevice 1101, which is similar to the lighting device shown in FIGS. 15Aand 15B. Lighting device 1101 is generally comprised of a lightdistributor 1160 and light emitters 1110. Light distributor 1160includes a connecting member 1162 for connecting light distributor 1160to a light source (not shown). It should be noted that in an embodimentof the present invention, light distributor 1160 is formed of a flexibleoptic light guide. As seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 16B, aprotective outer sleeve 1170 covers light distributor 1160. Outer sleeve1170 is preferably formed of a translucent or transparent material. Anoptional formable wire 1150 extends between light distributor 1160 andouter sleeve 1170, to permit lighting device 1101 to hold its shape oncebent to a suitable position. Light emitters 1110 provide diffuse light Dalong length L, in addition to a focused beam of light B at the free endof lighting device 1101. It should be noted that an optional lens may beprovided at the free end of lighting device 1101 to focus light B fromlight emitters 1110 in a desired pattern.

Referring now to FIG. 17, there is shown a trans-illuminating pickup orforceps 1102 having an attachable light delivery system 1200. Arrows Aillustrate the direction in which forceps 1102 is movable. Lightdelivery system 1200 is generally comprised of a light distributor 1260and a light emitter 1210. Light distributor 1260 includes connectingmembers (not shown) for connecting light delivery system 1200 to a lightsource (not shown). Light distributor 1260 preferably takes the form ofan optic light guide cable, which may be either rigid or flexible.Attachment members 1280 connect light distributor 1260 to forceps 1102.In an embodiment of the present invention, attachment members take theform of clips. An opening 1270 is formed at the tip end of one arm offorceps 1102. Opening 1270 is dimensioned to receive light emitter 1210.Light emitter 1210 provides light along length L. It should beappreciated that a second opening 1270 may be formed in the second armof forceps 1102, in order to receive a second light emitter.

Referring now to FIG. 18, there is shown a trans-illuminating retractor1103 having an attachable light delivery system 1300. Arrows Aillustrate the directions in which retractor 1103 is movable. Lightdelivery system 1300 is generally comprised of a light distributor 1360and a light emitter 1310. Light distributor 1360 includes connectingmembers (not shown) for connecting light delivery system 1300 to a lightsource (not shown). Light distributor 1360 preferably takes the form ofan optic light guide cable, which may be either rigid or flexible. Aconnector 1364 is provided to connect and interface light distributor1360 with light emitter 1310. Attachment members 1380 and 1388 connectlight delivery system 1300 to forceps 1103. In an embodiment of thepresent invention, attachment member 1380 takes the form of a clip.Light emitter 1310 extends along the inner surface of the retractorarms.

The retractor 1103 shown in FIG. 18 includes a handle 1120 havingopposite ends 1121 and 1122 and a gripping surface 1123 for contact withthe hand of a user.

A retractor arm 1125 is in the shape of an elongated blade having aplanar lengthwise dimension and a generally curved cross-sectional shapeas shown. The distal end 1126 of the retractor arm 1125 is connected tothe handle end 1122. Extending between the distal end 1126 and theproximal end 1127 of the retractor blade 1125 is a blade inner surface128.

Light emitter 1310 is also in the shape of an elongated blade andextends along the length of the retractor blade 1125 for illuminatingthe retractor blade along all or a portion of the length thereof asshown. The retractor blade 1125 also acts as a back reflector for thelight emitter blade 1310, which has inner and outer surfaces 1129 and1130 extending between its distal and proximal ends 1131 and 1132.

Both the retractor blade 1125 and light emitter blade 1310 extend at anangle with respect to the handle 1120. The distal end 1131 of the lightemitter 1310 defines an illumination input end portion to which theconnector 1364 is coupled to optically couple the light emitter to alight source for emission of the light from the light emitter toilluminate the retractor blade along all or a portion of the lengththereof as schematically shown in FIG. 18.

FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate a spring-formed “rope” lighting device1104. Lighting device 1104 is generally comprised of a light distributor1460 and a light emitter 1410. Light distributor 1460 interfaces with aself-contained miniature light source unit 1490. Light source unit 1490includes a light source (e.g., LED, incandescent light, laser diodes orthe like) and a power source (e.g., a button battery cell or the like).The miniaturization and portability of light source unit 1490 allowslighting device 1104 to be arrangeable within a bodily structure, suchas a body cavity. Alternatively, a remote light source may substitutefor self-contained light source unit 1490. It should be noted that in anembodiment of the present invention, light distributor 1460 is formed ofa flexible optic light guide. As best seen in the cross-sectional viewof FIG. 19B, a protective outer sleeve 1470 covers light distributor1460. Outer sleeve 1470 is preferably formed of a translucent ortransparent material. A spring 1450 extends between light distributor1460 and outer sleeve 1470. Spring 1450 may be formed of a materialwhich allows it to return to its original shape after being compressed.Accordingly, spring 1450 has a “memory”, which allows for advantageoususe of lighting device 1104, as will be described below. Light emitter1410 provides diffuse light D along length L.

It should be appreciated that while lighting device 1104 is shown with agenerally round cross-sectional area, lighting device 1104 may have across-sectional area of other shapes, including a square and octagon.

Lighting device 1104 finds particularly advantageous use as a means forholding a cavity open during a surgical procedure. In this regard,lighting device 1104 is compressed (i.e., squeezed) and inserted throughan opening into a cavity (e.g., a heart chamber). When the compressiveforce is removed from lighting device 1104, the “memory” of spring 1450causes the device to return to its original shape (i.e., spring open).As a result, the cavity opening is conveniently held open during furthersurgical procedures. It should be appreciated that spring 1450 may besuitably shaped to fit a particular application.

FIGS. 20A and 20B illustrate a smoke evacuation tube 1105 having anintegrated light delivery system 1500. Light delivery system 1500 isgenerally comprised of a light distributor 1560 and light emitters 1510.Light distributor 1560 includes a connecting member 1562 for connectinglight distributor 1560 to a light source (not shown). Light distributor1560 is preferably formed of a flexible optic light guide. As best seenin the cross-sectional view of FIG. 20B, a protective outer sleeve 1574covers light distributor 1560. Outer sleeve 1574 is preferably formed ofa translucent or transparent material. An optional formable wire 1550extends between light distributor 1560 and outer sleeve 1574, to allowsmoke evacuation tube 1105 to hold its shape once arranged in a desiredposition. Light emitters 1510 provide diffuse light D along length L, inaddition to a beam of light B. It should be noted that an optional lensmay be provided at the free end of smoke evacuation tube 1105 to focuslight B from light emitter 1510 in a desired pattern.

A hollow tube 1570 forms an evacuation chamber 1572 for removing smoke.As best seen in FIG. 20B, hollow tube 1570 surrounds and connects toouter sleeve 1574. Hollow tube 1570 is preferably formed of atranslucent or transparent material. It should be appreciated that in analternative embodiment, sleeve 1574 and tube 1570 are suitably arrangedadjacent to each other.

FIGS. 21A and 21B illustrate a suction tube 1106 having an integratedlight delivery system 1600. Light delivery system 1600 is generallycomprised of a light distributor 1660 and light emitters 1610. Lightdistributor 1660 includes a connecting member 1662 for connecting lightdistributor 1660 to a light source (not shown). Light distributor 1660is preferably formed of a flexible optic light guide. As best seen inthe cross-sectional view of FIG. 21B, a protective outer sleeve 1674covers light distributor 1660. Outer sleeve 1674 is preferably formed ofa translucent or transparent material. An optional formable wire 1650extends between light distributor 1660 and outer sleeve 1674, to permitsuction tube 1106 to hold its shape once arranged in a desired position.Light emitters 1610 provide diffuse light D along length L, in additionto a focused beam of light B. It should be noted that an optional lensmay be provided at the free end of suction tube 1106 to focus light Bfrom light emitter 1610 in a desired pattern. A hollow tube 1670 forms asuction chamber 1672 for suctioning smoke and other materials. A nozzle1676 is formed at the free end of hollow tube 1670. As best seen in FIG.21B, hollow tube 1670 is arranged adjacent and connected to outer sleeve1674. Hollow tube 1670 is preferably formed of a translucent ortransparent material.

FIGS. 22A and 22B illustrate a suction tube 1107 having an attachablelight delivery system 1700. Light delivery system 1700 is generallycomprised of a light distributor 1760 and light emitters 1710. Lightdistributor 1760 includes a connecting member 1762 for connecting lightdistributor 1660 to a light source (not shown). Light distributor 1760is preferably formed of a flexible optic light guide. As best seen inthe cross-sectional view of FIG. 22B, a protective outer sleeve 1774covers light distributor 1760. Outer sleeve 1774 is preferably formed ofa translucent or transparent material. An optional formable wire 1750extends between light distributor 1760 and outer sleeve 1774, to permitsuction tube 1107 to hold its shape once arranged in a desired position.Light emitters 1710 provide diffuse light D along length L, in additionto a beam of light B. It should be noted that an optional lens may beprovided at the free end of suction tube 1107 to focus light B fromlight emitter 1710 in a desired pattern.

A hollow tube 1770 forms a suction chamber 1772 for suctioning smoke andother materials. A nozzle 1776 is formed at the free end of hollow tube1670. Hollow tube 1770 is preferably formed of a translucent ortransparent material. Attachment members 1780 connect hollow tube 1770to outer sleeve 1774. In one embodiment, attachment member 1780 takesthe form of a clip having a pair of gripping members respectivelydimensioned to receive hollow tube 1770 and sleeve 1774 (FIG. 22A).However, it should be appreciated that attachment member 1780 may takeother suitable forms.

Referring now to FIG. 23A, there is shown a ring-shaped “rope” lightingdevice 1108. Lighting device 1108 is generally comprised of a lightdistributor 1860 and light emitters 1810. Light distributor 1860includes a connecting member 1862 for connecting light distributor 1860to a light source (not shown). It should be noted that in an embodimentof the present invention, light distributor 1860 is formed of a flexibleoptic light guide. As seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 23B, aprotective outer sleeve 1870 covers light distributor 1860. Outer sleeve1870 is preferably formed of a translucent or transparent material. Acustom-formed spring temper wire 1850 extends between light distributor1860 and outer sleeve 1870. Wire 1850 may be compressed and will returnto its original shape. Light emitter 1810 provides light along length L.A fastener 1880 is provided to hold lighting device 1108 in a desiredshape. Fastener 1880 may take many suitable forms, including amechanical fastener or adhesive (e.g., glue). A secondary wire 1852 isprovided along a portion of light distributor 1860. Wire 1852 may bemalleable or spring temper. Tabs 1882 hold lighting device 1108 in adesired location, and can also be used to retract tissue during asurgical procedure. In one embodiment, tabs 1882 take the form ofadhesive tape.

As indicated above, a protective outer sleeve may cover a lighttransmitting member (e.g., light distributor or light emitter). Thepurpose of this protective cover is to prevent (1) contaminants (such asblood, body tissue, dirt, oil, grease, paint, etc.); (2) othercomponents (such as adhesive pads, labels, hooks, etc.); or (3) anyother material or structure that can cause attenuation, from directlycontacting the light transmitting member and preventing proper operationthereof. In this regard, the protective cover allows light to passthrough the light transmitting member with minimal disturbance tointernal reflection of light traveling therethrough. When contaminantsor components are in direct contact with the light transmitting member,they interfere with the proper internal reflection within the lighttransmitting member. In particular, the angle of reflection of lighttraveling through the light transmitting member is changed. In the casewhere there is no air gap, or virtually no air gap between thecontaminant/components and the surface of the light transmitting member,optical energy of the light propagating through the light transmittingmember (e.g., originating from a 300 Watt light source) is absorbed bythe contaminant. As a result, the temperature of the contaminant willincrease, possibly to an undesirable level.

It should be noted that the term “cover” as used herein refers tomaterials providing a film, skin, boundary layer, coating, and the like.Specific examples of suitable materials are discussed below.

Referring now to FIGS. 24A-24D, there is shown a first exemplaryembodiment of the protective cover. Protective cover 2400 surrounds alight transmitting member 2410 (e.g., a flexible or rigid light pipe).As best seen in FIGS. 24B-24D, an air interface or gap 2408 ismaintained between light transmitting member 2410 and cover 2400. Itshould be appreciated that the air interface or gap may be microscopic(e.g., a couple of microns) to avoid interference with internalreflection. In this regard, reflections occur at the interface of lighttransmitting member 2410 and air gap 2408. Cover 2400 may be applied tolight transmitting member 2410 in a variety of suitable ways, includingbut not limited to molding, vacuum forming, heat shrinking, and thelike.

FIGS. 25A-25D illustrate another embodiment of the protective cover.Protective cover 2500 is generally comprised of a first cover portion2500A and a second cover portion 2500B, which surround lighttransmitting member 2510. As best seen in FIGS. 25B-25D, an airinterface or gap 2508 is maintained between light transmitting member2510 and cover 2500. Cover portions 2500A and 2500B are bonded togetherat interface 2502 to form a unitary protective cover 2500 (FIG. 25C).For instance, glue, a heat seal, or the like are suitable for bondingthe cover portions 2500A, 2500B.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 26A-26D, the cover takes the form of acoating 2600 that is applied to the surface of light transmitting member2610. Coating 2600 provides an appropriate index of refraction tomaintain a desired internal reflection. The coating 2600 may take manysuitable forms, including but not limited to optical coatings with anappropriate index of refraction, and Teflon®. It will be appreciatedthat in this embodiment there is no air interface or gap.

The protective cover may be comprised of materials taking a number ofsuitable forms, including but not limited to glass, plastic, shrink film(e.g., Reynolon® shrink film packaging), thin-wall PVC heat shrinkabletubing, metal (e.g., aluminum), cardboard, and the like. The wallthickness of the shrinkable tubing is typically in the range of 0.0002inches to 0.012 inches. Suitable shrinkable tubing is available fromAdvance Polymers, Incorporated and RJI International Corporation. Wherea heat shrinkable tubing is used, the tubing is fit over the lighttransmitting member and heat is applied, to shrink the tubing around thelight transmitting member.

It should be appreciated that the protective cover may be formed of atranslucent, transparent, opaque, or reflective material, orcombinations thereof. Thus, a lighting device may include a protectivecover that allows some portions of the light transmitting member to emitlight or “glow”, while preventing other portions of the lighttransmitting member from emitting light or “glowing”. For example, theprotective cover may be suitably configured with an opaque sectioncorresponding to one side of a light transmitting member, and with atransparent or translucent section corresponding to the other side ofthe light transmitting member. In addition, a reflective material may beused as a back-deflector to reflect light as it is traveling through thelight transmitting member. Furthermore, it should be appreciated thatthe protective cover may be formed of a material which diffuses lightpassing therethrough. The protective covering may be formed of amaterial that is generally rigid or generally flexible. Some materialsmay have a “memory”, so that when the protective cover is manually bentand then released, it does not retain its deformed state. Othermaterials may not have a “memory” and thus will not spring back to theiroriginal shape 10 after deformation. It should be noted that materialslacking a memory can be effectively used as a means for positioning andsupporting a generally flexible light transmitting member.

Referring now to FIGS. 27A and 27B, there is shown a protective cover2700 according to another embodiment of the present invention, asapplied to a light transmitting member 2710. Protective cover 2700 has agenerally tubular shape, and includes an outer surface 2702 and an innersurface 2704. In addition, protective cover 2700 has a closed end 2705and an open end 2706, with a central body portion 2707 extendingtherebetween. Closed end 2705 covers the distal end of lighttransmitting member 2710. Open end 2706 is dimensioned to receive aconnector member 2720, which is described below. An air interface or gap2708 is maintained between protective cover 2700 and light transmittingmember 2710.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B, light transmitting member2710 takes the form of a “light rod” which emits light at the distal endof the light transmitting member. In this respect, light emitters form apart of the light transmitting member 2710, along a portion of thedistal end, to emit light in a manner appropriate for a particularapplication.

Connector member 2720 is attached to light transmitting member 2710, andprovides an interface 2722 for attaching protective cover 2700.Interface 2722 includes a generally cylindrical engagement wall 2724 anda circular flange 2726. In an embodiment, the outer surface ofengagement wall 2724 mates with inner surface 2704 of protective cover2700. For instance, mating threads may be formed on the outer surface ofengagement wall 2724 and inner surface 2704. Alternatively, the outerdiameter of engagement wall 2724 may be dimensioned to press-fit withinprotective cover 2700. Circular flange 2726 acts as a stop to preventover-tightening of connector member 2720 within protective cover 2700.In this respect, the front surface of circular flange 2726 engages withthe front surface of open end 2706 of protective cover 2700.

Protective cover 2700, in cooperation with connector member 2720, sealsa portion of light transmitting member 2710 from contact withcontaminants. In an embodiment, the portion of the light transmittingmember 2710 protected from contaminants will include a portion thatemits light on a work area, and is the portion most likely to makecontact with contaminants. Protective cover 2700, in combination withconnector member 2720, encloses a portion of light transmitting member2710.

FIGS. 28A and 28B show a protective cover 2800 that surrounds a lighttransmitting member 2810, and takes the same form as protective cover2700. In this regard, protective cover 2800 has a generally tubularshape, and includes an outer surface 2802 and an inner surface 2804. Inaddition, protective cover 2800 has a closed end 2805 and an open end2806, with a central body portion 2807 extending therebetween. Closedend 2805 covers the distal end of light transmitting member 2810. Openend 2806 is dimensioned to receive a connector member 2820, which isdescribed below. An air interface or gap 2808 is maintained betweenprotective cover 2800 and light transmitting member 2810.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, light transmitting member2810 also takes the form of a “light rod” which emits light at a distalend thereof.

Connector member 2820 is attached to light transmitting member 2810, andprovides an interface 2822 for attaching protective cover 2800.Interface 2822 includes a generally cylindrical engagement wall 2824 anda circular flange 2826. In an embodiment, the outer surface ofengagement wall 2824 mates with inner surface 2804 of protective cover2800. Circular flange 2826 acts as a stop to prevent over-tightening ofconnector member 2820 within protective cover 2800. In this respect, thefront surface of circular flange 2826 engages with the front surface ofopen end 2806 of protective cover 2800.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, an attachment member 2850attaches an accessory device 2860 to the lighting device. Attachmentmember 2850 can take a variety of suitable forms, including adhesivetape, Velcro fasteners, clips, hooks, tabs, clamps, snaps and the like.Moreover, it should be understood that attachment member 2850 may be anintegral part of protective cover 2800. In this regard, protective cover2850 may suitably include molded clips, hooks, tabs or the like, forattachment of an accessory device. Accessory device 2860 can also take avariety of suitable forms, including a medical instrument. In FIGS. 28Aand 28B, accessory device 2860 takes the form of a retractor blade.

Since attachment member 2850 is separated from light transmitting member2810 by protective cover 2800 and air interface or gap 2808, it does notinterfere (or minimizes interference) with the propagation of lightthrough light transmitting member 2810 via internal reflection.Consequently, attachment member 2850 does not cause the same problemsthat are caused by contaminants in direct contact with lighttransmitting member 2810.

FIGS. 29A and 29B show a protective cover 2900 that is similar in manyrespects to protective covers 2700 and 2800, described above. Protectivecover 2900 surrounds a light transmitting member 2910. In this regard,protective cover 2900 has a generally tubular shape, and includes anouter surface 2902 and an inner surface 2904. In addition, protectivecover 2900 has a closed end 2905 and an open end 2906, with a centralbody portion 2907 extending therebetween. Closed end 2905 covers thedistal end of light transmitting member 2910, and includes an optionallens L for focusing the light emitted therethrough in a desired pattern.Open end 2906 is dimensioned to receive a connector member 2920, whichis described below. An air interface or gap 2908 is maintained betweenprotective cover 2900 and light transmitting member 2910.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B, light transmitting member2910 also takes the form of a formable rope light which emits light atthe distal end thereof. Light transmitting member 2910 is generallyflexible. Accordingly, a malleable wire W is provided to hold the shapeof light transmitting member 2910 in a desired orientation. Since lighttransmitting member 2910 is generally flexible, protective cover 2900 isalso formed of a flexible material in this embodiment of the invention.For instance, protective cover 2900 may be formed of a flexible PVCmaterial, which will flex along with light transmitting member 2910.

Connector member 2920 is bonded to light transmitting member 2910, andprovides an interface 2922 for attaching protective cover 2900.Interface 2922 includes a generally cylindrical engagement wall 2924 anda circular flange 2926. In an embodiment, the outer surface ofengagement wall 2924 mates with inner surface 2904 of protective cover2900. Circular flange 2926 acts as a stop to prevent over-tightening ofconnector member 2920 within protective cover 2900. In this respect, thefront surface of circular flange 2926 engages with the front surface ofopen end 2906 of protective cover 2900.

Referring now to FIGS. 30A and 30B, there is shown a protective cover3000 that surrounds a light transmitting member 3010, and takes a formsimilar to protective covers 2700, 280O and 2900. In this regard,protective cover 3000 has a generally tubular shape, and includes anouter surface 3002 and an inner surface 3004. In addition, protectivecover 3000 has a closed end 3005 and an open end 3006, with a centralbody portion 3007 extending therebetween. Closed end 3005 covers thedistal end of light transmitting member 3010. Open end 3006 isdimensioned to receive a connector member 3020, which is describedbelow. An air interface or gap 3008 is maintained between protectivecover 3000 and light transmitting member 3010.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B, light transmitting member3010 takes the form of a generally rigid “ring light” which emits lightat a distal end thereof.

Connector member 3020 is attached to light transmitting member 3010, andprovides an interface 3022 for attaching protective cover 3000.Interface 3022 includes a generally circular engagement wall 3024. In anembodiment, the inner surface of engagement wall 3024 mates with outersurface 3002 of protective cover 3000.

Referring now to FIG. 31, there is shown an illuminated surgicalretractor 3100 having an attachable light delivery system 3102.Retractor 3100 may include a pair of retractor arms 3104, 3106 pivotallyconnected together at their distal ends 3108, 3110. Attached to theirdistal ends are respective handle portions 3112, 3114 which when movedtoward one another, cause the retractor arms 3104, 3106 to move in thedirection of the arrows A. Each handle portion may include a grippingsurface 3116, 3118 intermediate its ends for gripping by the hand of auser.

Retractor arms 3104, 3106 may be in the shape of elongated bladeportions each having proximal ends 3120, 3122 remote from their distalends and from their handle portions. Extending between the distal andproximal ends of each retractor blade is a blade inner surface 3124,3126.

Light delivery system 3102 is generally comprised of a light distributor3130 and a light emitter 3132. Light distributor 3130 may take the formof an optical light guide cable.

The distal end 3134 of light distributor 3130 may be removably connectedby connecting member 3136 to housing 3138 integral with one of thehandle portions 3112, 3114. Housing 3138 may contain a light source 3140which preferably comprises a solid-state light source (e.g., a lightemitting diode (LED) including an organic light emitting diode (OLED)and a polymer light emitting diode (PLED)) but may also comprise anincandescent lamp or halogen lamp if desired.

Housing 3138 may be made of metal or other suitable heat conductivematerial to provide a heat sink for light source 3140 which may bethermally coupled to the housing by providing contact between thehousing and one of the light source leads 3142, 3144 and also with thebody 3146 of the light source as schematically shown in FIG. 31.

A power source 3148, which may be a battery or fuel cell that isreplaceable or rechargeable, may also be housed within housing 3138. Thelight source leads 3142, 3144 may be connected to a printed circuitboard 3150 within housing 3138 which may act as an interface betweenlight source 3140 and power source 3148.

Light emitter 3132 may either be a flexible or rigid transparent lightguide, and may have a gradient pattern of printed dots or lightextracting deformities on at least one surface thereof for causing lightto be emitted from at least a portion of the light guide in the mannerpreviously described in connection with other disclosed embodiments.Light emitter 3132 may also be in the shape of an elongated bladeextending along the length of one of the retractor blades 3104 forilluminating the retractor blade 3104 along all or a portion of thelength thereof. The light extracting deformities may also be arranged todirect light away from a user's eyes and toward a viewing area inproximity of the retractor blade 3104.

Both the retractor blade 3104 and light emitter blade 3132 may extend atan angle with respect to the associated handle portion 3112. Theconnecting member 3136 of light distributor 3130 defines an illuminationinput end portion which may be optically coupled to light source 3140for optically coupling the light emitter 3132 to the light source.

Retractor blade 3104 may also act as a back reflector for light emitterblade 3132 which has inner and outer surfaces 3152, 3154 extendingbetween its distal and proximal ends 3156 and 3158. A slot or opening3160 may be provided in the proximal end 3162 of retractor blade 3104for sliding receipt of the proximal end 3120 of light emitter 3132. Itshould be appreciated that a second slot or opening may also be formedin the tip of the other retractor blade 3106 in order to receive asecond light emitter if desired.

FIGS. 32 and 33 show other illuminated surgical retractors 3200 havingan attachable light delivery system 3102 similar to the light deliverysystem shown in FIG. 31. However, in these embodiments, the retractor3200 only includes one elongated retractor blade 3202. Extending at anacute angle from the distal end 3204 of retractor blade 3202 is an endmount 3206. End mount 3206 may be used to removably attach retractorblade 3202 to a handle portion or other support 3208 which may have amounting post 3210 protruding therefrom as shown in FIG. 32.

Extending between the distal and proximal ends 3204 and 3212 ofretractor blade 3202 is a blade inner surface 3214. An angled or hookedtip 3216 may be provided at the proximal end 3212 of retractor blade3202 for retaining or gripping tissue. Tip 3216 may also have serrations3218 as shown.

Light delivery system 3102 is generally comprised of light distributor3130 and light emitter 3132. Light distributor 3130 may take the form ofan optical light guide cable having its distal end 3134 removablyattached to one end of support 3208 which may house light source 3140for directing light into the light distributor 3130 in the mannerpreviously described. Support 3208 may also provide a heat sink forlight source 3140 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 31, and mayhouse a power source 3148 such as a battery or fuel cell that isreplaceable or rechargeable. Alternatively light source 3140 may bepowered by providing the retractor 3200 with a power cord 3220 asschematically shown in FIG. 33 for plugging into an electrical outlet(not shown). In either case, the leads 3142 and 3144 of light source3140 may be connected to a printed circuit board 3150 within support3208 which may act as an interface between the light source and thepower source.

Connecting member 3136 of light distributor 3130 defines an illuminationinput end portion which may be optically coupled to light source 3140for supplying light from the light source to light emitter 3132. Lightemitter 3132 may also be in the shape of an elongated blade extendingalong the length of retractor blade 3202, and may either be a flexibleor rigid transparent light guide. A gradient pattern of printed dots orlight extracting deformities may be provided on at least one surface oflight emitter 3132 for causing light to be emitted from at least aportion thereof for illuminating retractor blade 3202 along all or aportion of the length thereof. Also the light extracting deformities maybe arranged to direct light away from a user's eyes and toward a viewingarea in proximity of the retractor blade.

Retractor blade 3202 may act as a back reflector for light emitter blade3132 which has inner and outer surfaces 3152 and 3154 extending betweenits distal and proximal ends 3156 and 3158. Suitable attachment memberssuch as clips 3222 may be used to removably attach light emitter blade3132 to retractor blade 3202.

FIG. 34 shows another illuminated surgical retractor 3300 including apair of opposed retractor blades 3302 and 3304 having a ratchet or otherrod type connection 3306 therebetween for allowing the retractor bladesto be moved in the direction of the arrows A upon turning a knob 3308 orthe like. One or both retractor blades 3302 and 3304 may be illuminatedby a light delivery system 3102 similar to the type previouslydescribed, including a light distributor 3130 having an illuminationinput end portion 3134 that is optically coupled to a light source 3140and a light emitter 3132 that may either be a flexible or rigidtransparent light guide and may have a gradient pattern of printed dotsor light extracting deformities on at least one surface thereof forcausing light to be emitted from at least a portion of the lengththereof. Light emitter 3132 may be in the shape of an elongated bladeextending along the length of one of the retractor blades 3302 forilluminating retractor blade 3302 along all or a portion of the lengththereof. Also the light extracting deformities may be arranged to directlight away from a user's eyes and toward a viewing area in proximity ofthe retractor blade.

Light source 3140 may be contained within a metal housing 3310 thatprovides a heat sink for light source 3140 by providing contact betweenhousing 3310 and one of the light source leads and with the body of thelight source in the manner previously described. A power source 3148such as a battery or fuel cell that is replaceable or rechargeable maybe provided for powering the light source.

FIG. 35 shows an illuminated surgical retractor 3100 similar to thatshown in FIG. 31 having an attachable light delivery system 3400. Lightdelivery system 3400 differs from the light delivery systems shown inFIGS. 31-34 in that it comprises an array of lights 3140, preferablyLEDs, attached to a support 3404 in the shape of an elongated blade thatextends along the length of one of the retractor blades 3104 forilluminating retractor blade 3104 along all or a portion of the lengththereof.

Light supporting blade 3404 may, for example, be a fiberglass printedcircuit board (PCB) having a copper cladding that acts as a heat sinkfor lights 3140. A suitable attachment 3160 such as clips or a slot oropening may be provided at the proximal end 3120 of retractor blade 3104for sliding receipt of the proximal end 3406 of light supporting blade3404. It should be appreciated that a second light supporting blade withits own array of lights (LEDs) may also be suitably attached to theother retractor blade 3106.

A suitable power source 3148, which may be a battery or fuel cell thatis replaceable or rechargeable, may be housed in a housing 3138 integralwith one of the handle portions 3112, 3114 for powering the array oflights 3140 through a suitable power cord 3408. One end of power cord3408 may be connected to power source 3148 and the other end may beremovably coupled to light supporting blade 3404 to permit lightdelivery system 3400 to be removed or replaced as desired.

FIGS. 36 and 37 show illuminated surgical retractors 3200 similar tothose shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 having light delivery systems 3500 and3600. Light delivery systems 3500 and 3600 comprise an array of lights3140, preferably LEDs, which may be attached to a support 3504 in theshape of an elongated blade that extends along the length of retractorblade 3202 as shown in FIG. 36 or attached directly to the retractorblade 3202 as shown in FIG. 37 for illuminating the retractor bladealong all or a portion of the length thereof.

The light supporting blade 3504 shown in FIG. 36 may, for example, be afiberglass PCB having a copper cladding,that acts as a heat sink forlights 3140. Also, suitable attachment members such as clips 3222 may beprovided along the length of retractor blade 3202 for removablyattaching light supporting blade 3504 to retractor blade 3202. Where thelights 3140 are attached directly to retractor blade 3202 as shown inFIG. 37, the retractor blade itself may act as a heat sink for thelights.

In either case, the lights 3140 may be oriented along light supportingblade 3504 or retractor blade 3202 in any desired direction fordirecting the light away from the user's eyes and toward a viewing areain proximity to retractor blade 3202.

A suitable power source 3148, which may be a battery or fuel cell thatis replaceable or rechargeable, may be housed in handle portion or othersupport 3208 of retractor 3200 for powering the array of lights 3140through a power cord 3408 suitably coupled to the light supporting blade3504 of FIG. 36 or to a wire harness (not shown) inside the retractorblade 3202 of FIG. 37.

The invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments.Various modifications and alterations will occur to others upon areading and understanding of this specification. In this regard, itshould be appreciated that the present application discloses numerousexemplary embodiments of the present invention for the purpose ofillustrating the present invention. It is contemplated that the variousfeatures shown in each embodiment may be combined in a plurality of waysto form further embodiments of the present invention. It is intendedthat all such modifications and alterations be included insofar as theycome within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

1. An illuminated surgical retractor comprising a handle portion, anelongated blade portion having one end connected to said handle portionand another end remote from said handle portion, and an array of lightsalong at least a portion of a length of said blade portion forilluminating said blade portion.
 2. The retractor of claim 1 furthercomprising a heat sink to which said lights are thermally coupled. 3.The retractor of claim 2 wherein said heat sink includes said bladeportion.
 4. The retractor of claim 1 wherein said lights are attacheddirectly to said blade portion.
 5. The retractor of claim 1 wherein saidlights are attached to a support extending along the length of saidblade portion.
 6. The retractor of claim 5 wherein said support is inthe shape of a blade.
 7. The retractor of claim 5 wherein said supportis a printed circuit.
 8. The retractor of claim 5 wherein said supportis disposable, further comprising an attachment member for removablyattaching said support to said blade portion.
 9. The retractor of claim8 wherein said attachment member includes at least one clip.
 10. Theretractor of claim 1 wherein said lights are powered by an integralpower source.
 11. The retractor of claim 10 wherein said power sourcecomprises at least one of a battery and a fuel cell contained withinsaid handle portion.
 12. The retractor of claim 1 wherein said lightsare oriented along the length of said blade portion for directing lightaway from a user's eyes and toward a viewing area in proximity to saidblade portion.
 13. The retractor of claim 1 wherein said handle portionincludes a mounting post.
 14. The retractor of claim 1 wherein saidlights comprise light emitting diodes.
 15. The retractor of claim 1wherein said blade portion is flexible.
 16. The retractor of claim 1wherein said blade portion is rigid.
 17. The retractor of claim 1wherein said array of lights illuminate said blade portion alongsubstantially the entire length thereof.
 18. The retractor of claim 1wherein said blade portion includes an angled tip for retaining orgripping tissue.
 19. The retractor of claim 18 wherein said tip isserrated.